Furnace-wall structure and structural element forming a part thereof



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` B. F. KOCH WAL AND S C UM A v EPA. l R, wat.

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FURNACE WALL STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENT FORMING A PART THEREOF Filed Sept. 4, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Feb. 24, 131

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:BRUNO F. KOCH, F ANACONDA, MONTANA.

FURNACEWALL STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENT FORMING .A PART' THEREOF Application led September 4, '1929. Serial No. 390,310.

This invention relates to a furnace wall structure of the type comprising essentially a back wall and a service lining or lire wall, between which back wall and lining is an air '5 space.

One object of the invention is to provide a `furnace wall of the type mentioned, in which means are provided for anchoring the lining to the back wall in such manner that the lin- 1o ing is supported by the back wall and is prevented from pulling away from same.

Another object of the invention is to so construct a furnace wall ofthis type that each section of the service lining forming a part thereof maybe, in effect,.self-supporting,

whereby any section may be replaced or repaired without disturbing adjacent sections.

A further object of the invention is to provide a furnace wall of such type that standard shapes of firebrick may be used for the most part in its construction.

Another object of the invention is to so Vconstruct a furnace wall of the type referred to that provision is made for the formation 5 between the back wall and the. service lining .of either vertical or horizontal air passages,

or both, as desired.

still further object of the. invention is to provide structural elements of such conforf) mation and so arranged in `the furnace wall structure, that the other objects hereinbefore recited may be readily attained.`

lVith these. objects in view, the invention consists in a furnace wall or the like structure including, preferably, a permanent back wall and a renewable or replaceable service lining or tire wall, the service lining being arranged preferably in vertical and longitudinal parallelism with the back wall and s aced 4 therefrom to forni air passages, and eing and is made replaceable or renewable in sections. as I will proceed now more 'fully to ex# plain and finally claim.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating the invention, in the several figures of which like parts are similarly designated, Figure 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a furnace wall embodying my invention. Figure 2 is a perspective view of one of the tiles forming the supporting and interlocking elements between the back wall and the service lining. Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the ledge tiles which forms a part of the service wall and cooperates with the tiles of thetype illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a. section taken substantially in the plane of line 4-4 of Figure 1, but illustrating a modification in which I forni vertical air passages between the back wall and the service lining. Figure 5 is a section taken substantially in the plane of line 5 5 of Figure 4, but showing a further modification in which I provide horizontal air passages between the back wall and the service lining.

Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings, 1 is the back wall which is preferably permanent and continuous. Arranged ,in parallelism with and spaced from such back wall is .a service lining or re wall composed of a plurality of sections 2. The space 3 between the back wall and service lining provides for the circulation of air, whereby the heat to which the lining is subjected and which it absorbs, is not transmitted to any appreciable extent to the back wall, but is carried olf by the circulating air which can be used as preheated air forV combustion or drying purposes.

Obviously, it is essential that the service lining be supported and maintained in spaced relation relatively to the back wall, and it is essential also that any means whereby this spacing and supporting of the service lining is accomplished be of such a character that when the service lining is formed of hightemperature (silica) lirebrick, the contraction and expansion of such lining `may be compensated for. oped tiles of such formation that they may be incorporated in the 'furnace Wall in a manner to ade uately support and tie the linack wall and at the same time y ing to the permit the relative movement between the To this end I have devel- I part of the service lining, and the other of tial which I will call interlocking or key tiles,

designated 5 and 5, which are all identical and are arranged 1n pairs, 011e 5 1n the back 'wall and the other 5 in the service lining.

These interlocking or key tiles comprise body portions having flat bearing faces 6 and 6 and ends 7, 7 and 8, 8 arranged substantially normal to the bearing faces.` Preferably on the bearing faces of the tilesand at their'ends'S and 8', respectively, are lugs 9 and 9. The `faces of the tiles lying opposite the bearing faces 6 and thereof, respectively, I call interlocking facesdesignated 10 and 10, `and these faces are arrangedvat an angle to the bearing faces 6 and 6', this angularity extending to a point adjacent to the ends 8 and 8 where sets 11 are formed normal to the ends 8 and 8 and in substanparallelism with the bearing faces 6 and 6.

The ledge tiles 4 have portions 12 which form a part of the lining, and they are provided also with off-standing lugs'13 which enter the space between the lining and back wall and cooperate with the lugs 9 of the interlocking or. key tiles 5.

As will be obvious by reference to Fig. 1, I arrange the ledge tiles and interlocking tiles at suitable points throughout the furnace Wall, and preferably adjacent to the vertical edges of the several sections of the service lining,l the interlocking tiles preferably being used double.- The tiles 5 are permanently bonded in and form a part of the back wall. The tiles 5 are permanently bond-ed in and form a part of the service lining, land although they extend into the back wall, they are notbonded therein but merely interlock or key 'with the tiles 5 in what is substantially dovetail relation thereto, with their Aangularly arranged faces 10 and 10v in substantially coextensive, uniplanar engagement.

The entire back wall is built of brick of standard sizes, with the interlocking tiles 5' arranged therein at appropriate predetermined points; and the service lining is constructed entirely ,of standard sizes of firebrick, with the ledge tiles 4 and interlocking tiles 5 incorporated therein in suitable locations complemental to the tiles 5 in the back wall. It will thus be seen that the whole furnace wall structure is constructed of standard forms and sizes of brick with the exception of the ledge tiles and the interlocking tiles, thus making it possible to construct a furnace wall of this type which includes only two specially formed elements.

Any section of the service lining may be repaired or replaced independently ofA any ot er section, except the top of the section immediately below, and without disturbing the interlocking or key tiles 5 which are bonded into the back wall. -This-is -made possible by providing recess 14 in the back wall and a space 14 between the ends 7 of tiles 5 and the back wall, so that when the masonry yof the service lining is torn down and after removal of ledge tiles 4 immediately below tiles 5 to be removed, the linterlocking tiles 5 may be loosened and moved longitudinally of the back wall out of engagement with the tiles until their ends 7 enter the spaces removed. i

As will be seen, I provide between the several sections of the service lining, expansion joints 15 and 15 which may be filled with a suitable refractory and substantially resilient material such as asbestos rope, as indicated at y16 and 16. By thus providing expansion joints and filling such joints Witha resilient packing material, I provide for the contraction andexpansion, relatively to the back wall, of the service lining which, as hereinbefore indicated, is formed preferably of silica irebrick having a dierent coeicient of expansion'from that of the brick forming the back wall. Such contraction and expansion lon gitndinally of the back wall will, of course, cause thel lining to carry With it the interlocking tiles 5, but these tiles are capable of longitudinal movement because'of the provision of the spaces 15.

The contraction and expansion in a vertical direction will cause the lining to carry with it the ledge tiles 4, but these tiles are capable of vertical movement because of the provision of the spaces 15.

In the form of construction of furnace wall illustrated in Figure 1, the air space 3 between the service lining and back wall is clear throughout the extent of the wall structure, except as interrupted at intervals by the extension into and through it of the tiles 4, 5 and 5. It may be desirable to form this air space into a plurality of vertical air passages. This can be done by building up upon the portions of the tiles 5 which extend into thespace 3 colnmns of brickwork as indicated at 17 iirFignre 4, these columns providing between them the vertical air spaces 18. In-

14, and then ,they 'may be bodily' stead of dividing the air space 3 into a plnure 5, thus providing'a plurality of longitudinal air passages 3, Fig. 1, arranged one above the other throughout the height of the wall structure and extending the full extent thereof.

It will thus be seen that by my invention I ain able to produce a furnace back Wall and a service lining of standard forms and sizes of brick and including special tiles of only two forms, theseispecial forms of tiles serving to anchor or key the lining to and support it bythe back wall. Moreover, in the construe-f. tion afforded by my invention, I am enabled to repair and replace full sections or portions of sections of the service lining Without disturbing the back Wallstructure.

Furtherniore, by my construction, each section of the service lining is supported independently by the back Wall and is afforded ample facility for contraction and expansion under the influence of the heat to which it is subjected without danger of fracture in itself or of fracture of the back wall through its `means of bonding therewith.'

It is to be noted `also that a further feature of my invention incidentto the particular manner in which the tiles which support the service lining relatively toA the back Wall are arranged, is that I amenabled to divide the g. space between the lining and back wall into ay plurality of air passages extending either vertically or longitudinally of the Wall structure, as desired.

YVarious modifications-are contemplated as within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the following claims. Y

Vhat I claim is:

1. A furnace wall structure, including a back wall and a service lining, and means for supporting said lining relatively to said b'ack wall including two similar elements one of which is carried by said back wall andthe other of which is carried by said lining, said elements 'havingsubstantially coextensivc co'- operating angularly'arranged faces contact-i ing with each other in interlocking'engagenient. f I

2. A furnace wall structure, including a back wall and a service lining. and means for supporting saidvlining relatively to said back lWall including twoY similar 'elements one of which is carried by said back wall and the other of which is carried by said lining, said elements having substantially coexten` sive cooperating augularly arranged uniplanar faces contacting with each other in interlocking engagement.

3. A furnace wall structure, including a back wall and a servicelining, and means for supporting said lining in spaced relation relatively to said back Wall including two similar elements one'of which is carried by said back Wall and the other of which is'carried by said'lining, said elements having substantially coextensive cooperating singularly arranged faces contacting with each other in interlocking engagement.

4. A furnace wall structure, including a continuous back wall anda sectional service lining, and means for supporting' said lining relatively to said back 'wall including a plurality of pairs of'siinilar elements, one

elementof each pair being carried by saidA back wall yand yits complemental element being carried by said lining, said elements having .substantially coextensive cooperating angularly arranged faces contacting with each other and in interlocking engagement transversely of the furnace wall but relatively slidable longitudinally thereof, such relativelyv slidable engagement Vperi-nitting contraction and expansion of said lining relatively to said back Wall.

5. In a furnace Wall structure, a back wall and a. service lining arranged in spaced relation, and means for supporting said lining relatively to said back wall at a plurality of separate points including a plurality of pairs of similar elements, said pairs of elements arranged in spaced relation longitudinally and vertically of said furnace wall, one ele- ,nient of each pair of elements being fixed in said back Wall and its complemental element being fixed in said lining, theelements fixed in said lining extending into said back wall but being movable longitudinally thereof in response to longitudinal movement of said lining relatively to said back Wall.

6. In a furnace wall structure, a back wall and a Vservice Llining arranged in'spaced relation, and means for supporting said lining relatively to said back wall at a plurality of separate points including a plurality of pairs of similar elements, said pairs of elements ar; ranged in spaced relation longitudinally and vertically of said furnace wall, one element of each pair of elements being fixed in said back wall and its compleinental element being` fixed in said lining, the elements fixed in said lining extending into said back Wall but bcing movable longitudinally thereof in response to longitudinal movement of said liuing relatively to saidback wall, said back wall provided with recesses adjacent to said elements yto accommodate such movement.

7. In a furnace Wall structure of masonry, a back wall, a service lining, and means for supporting said lining relatively to said back Wall including a pair of similar complemental elements, one element of the pair of elements being carried by said back Ywall and its complemental element being carried by said lining, each element comprising atile having an ofi'standing lug and an angular face, the lugs of a pair of elements adapted to bond with the masonry of the back Wall and lining respectively and their angular faces contacting in substantially coextensive interlocking en-.

gagement.

8. In a furnace wall structure of masonry, a back Wall and a service lining, and means for supporting said lining relatively to said back wall including a pluralityof ledge tiles and a plurality of interlocking tiles, said ledge tiles having lugs and said interlocking iso . chor the lining to the back wall, said ledge tiles having lugs and angularly arranged in engagement with the lug of a ledge` tile bonded in the masonry of the lining, the angularly arranged faces lof the interlocking t1les cooperating to prevent .transverse move- A ment of the lining relatively to the back wall.

9. In a furnace wall structure of masonry, a permanent continuous back Wall, a replaceable sectional servicellmng, and means for supporting' saidlining relatively to said back wall includinga plurality of interlocking elements carried by the back Wall and lining respectively, the elements carried by the lining extending into the back wall and free for 'from said back' wall without disturbing the masonry thereof.

10. In a'furnace wall structure, a back wall and 'a service lining arranged in spaced relationto form an air space between them, and means for supporting said lining relatively tosaid back wall including a plurality of cooperating ledge tiles and interlocking tiles, said ledge tiles carried by said lining and bridging said space, and said interlocking tiles arranged in pairs in said back, wall and lining respectively and cooperating toantent of the Wall structure to divide the space into a plurality of longitudinal air passages,

and said interlocking tiles adapted to support columns to divide said space into a. plurality of vertical air passages.

11. In a furnace Wall structure, a continuous back wall, and a sectional service lining, the sect-ions of said lining being arranged in spaced relation relatively to each other, means for supporting said lining relatively to the back wall in a manner to permit longitudinal and vertical movement of the lining sections relatively to the back wall, and a fire-resisting packing interposed between the sections of said lining.

12. In a furnace wall structure, a back wall. a service lining, and means for snpporting said lining relatively to said hack wall, said means including a plurality of tile` elements of uniform conformation each having a lug and. an angularly arranged face, said elements arranged in cooperating pairs, one element of each pair being bonded with the back wall and the other element of each pair being bonded with the lining and elcments of each pair being reversed edge for edge so that their angularly arranged faces contact in interlocking engagement transversely of the furnace Wall and their lugs bond with the back wall and lining respectively. v l

13. In a furnace wall structure, a back wall, a service lining, and means for supporting said lining relatively to said back wall, said means including a plurality of t-ile elements of uniform conformation each having a lug and an angularly arranged face, said elements arranged in cooperating pairs, one element of each pair bein bonded with the back Wall and the other e ement of each pair being bonded with the lining, and the elements'of each pair being reversed edge for edge so that their angularly arranged faces contact in interlocking engagement transversely of the furnace wall and their lugs bond with the back wall and lining respectively, and a plurality of tile elements bonded lwith said lining and provided with lugs intel-engaging with the lugs of the iirst-mentioned tile elements bonded with the lining.

14. An interlocking tile element for masonry structures, comprising a body portion having a bearing face and ends, said face and ends substantially normal to each other, and an interlocking face angularly arranged relatively to said bearing face, two of such 'tiles when arranged with their interlocking faces in juxtaposition in a masonry structure forming a bond for such structure longitudinally of said elements.

15. An interlocking tile element for masonry structures, comprising a body portion having a bearing face provided with an oilstandlng lug and ends arranged substantially normal to said face, and an interlocking face arranged at an an le to said bearing face, two of said tiles w en arranged in a masonry structure with their interlocking {"aces in juxtaposition and their lugs bonded with such structure affording a bond for said structure longitudinally of said elements.

.ln testimony whereof, I aix my signature.

BRUNO F. KOCH. 

